Construction of ships and other structures



Nqv. 10, 1931.

H. c. T. BRYANT CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES Filed Dec. 10. 1930 Patented Nov. 10, 1931 'UNITED, STATES PATENT Price mmorin oHnrsTorHnaTHoMAs BRYlkNIOF =WIMBLEDON, LONDON, ENGLAND coNsTaUcTIoNoF SHIPS AND OTHER STRUCTURES Application filed December 10,1930, Serial No. 501,343, and in Great Britain December 11, 1929.

longitudinal training girders are separated to accommodate a transverse bulk-head, the bulk-head being attached to the bull or she'll plating by a boundary bar comprising one or more angle bars or other'shaped section or sections, and the longitudinal training girders and bulk-head being locally supported by brackes of substantial dimensions at"- tached to the bulk-head on opposite sides and having webs or arms riveted to the ends of With such a construction,

the longitudinals. the brackets limit the amount" of local flexibility permitted'to the bulkhead, and when the latter is submitted to repeated stresses in opposite senses the stresses are transmitted through the brackets to the endsof the longitudinals which tend'to lift away from the shell plates. This is resisted only by the strength of the rivets and trouble arises either through fracture of the shell plates or through progressive starting of the rivets usually commencing with the end'rivet and extending along the l-ongitudinals. Doublers in the form of straps or plates have also been used connected to the shell plating either inside or outside with a viewto improving the continuity of strength. i 1 7 z The present invention has for its primary object to provide a form of construction possessing continuous strength of the longitudinal training through or transversely of the transverse bulkheads, adapted to ensure a more rigid joint at the parts in question and affording the additional advantages of involving less weight of steel and fewer manual and riveting operations, but it is not confined in its. wider aspect to longitudinal training since it may apply also to transverse,diagonal a certain distance therefrom and the exterior be further secured by attachment to the bulkor other framing in analogous circumstances. Other specific applications'will be mentioned hereinafter way of example and it will be evident that it may be utilized in conjunction with various known methods of construction. 55

According to the present invention the discontinuous or separated frame or. stiffening members are connected to 'fianges of one or inore flanged doublers, each doubler being thus 3 connected to both members, and the doubler having a continuous portion attached to the shell plating (or analogous plating against which the bulk-head or other plating separating the discontinuous members is secured for example by a boundary angle; such analogous plating is hereinafter included in" the term shell plating in'so far as the invention applies to discontinuous frame members supporting plating other-than the actual shell plating) In one form of the invention, the tounda- 7 tion or shell flanges of the longitudinal or like frames on each side of the bulkhead or relatively transverse plating are terminated i angle or flange of a flanged doubler of angle T or other section lies in the gap so thatits junction with the shell plating can be readily caulked; alternatively an angle-sectioned doubler could back' ae'ainstthe web ofa channel orothersectioned longitudinal oragainst that of a longitudinal of inverted angle. inverted T or other appropriate section; Further the aligned ends of the longitudinals may head by appropriate angle, T or other section lugs or-brackets and appropriate attachment lugs. f 'i The accompanying drawings illustrate a typ cal form of the invention, 90

Figure 1 being a perspective vieW of one form of a flanged doubler and Figure 2 a perspective View of the junction of bottom frame members, shellplating and bulk-head. 95

As illustrated, the foundation or v shell flanges 1a of the longitudinal frames 1 on 'eachside of thebulk hea'd 2 are shown as terminated a substantial distance therefrom,

for example, two to four feet from either side. 100

Within the gap is positioned a flanged doubler or doublers comprising an angle, T or other section or sections having the vertical web or webs 3a cut away locally at 3?) to receive the bulk-head 2 and the boundary bar 4 by means of which the bulk-head is secured to the shell plating 5 of the hull. The horizontal facing; web 3 of the flanged doubler thus forms a still" structural element possessing nevertheless the requirement of elasticity, and extending: for: a substantial. distance on' either side of the bulk-head. The horizontal web 3 preferably increasesin width trorn the ends to the mid-length as shown so as to compensate in strength and resilience for the cut-away portion. 36 of the vertical web 3a and the discontinuity of the longitudinal framing I in way of or transversely of the bulk-head. The vertical web 3a of the doubler is riveted to the lower edges of the vertical webs of the adjacent aligned longitudinals, These aligned ends oi longitudinal frames on opposite sides of a. common bulkhead are. additionally supported and/or stiffened by means of. angle or T,or other shaped section. lugs 6,. or bracket plates and attachment. lugs. set up on each side. of the bulkhead and riveted, welded or otherwise at tached thereto, and the standing flanges being riveted or otherwise attached to the ends of the longitudinal frames. The standing, flanges or these lugs may be fitted parallel or at right angles to thestanding webof the Iongitudinal framing members I to which they are attached, and may be of appreciably less dimensions than the brackets referred to above in respect of known constructions, thus aiiording an additional advantage that the lowest stiflening structure of the bulk-head 5 can be brought to a substantially lower level.

Alternatively, the lugs or brackets or other attachments securing v the ends of longitudi nal frames to the bulk-head may be omitted.

For larger constructions, wheret'he longir tudinals are compound and are constructed ot a vertical. plate provided with upper and lower angle bar or other section mounts, I may extendwithin thegap referred to above, the ends of a pair of mutilated longitudinal frames comprising only the vertical plate and the upper angle bar or other mount, the vertical web of the doubler being riveted to the vertical plate of the mutilated longitudinals so as to form, as it were, acontinuous longitudinal girder of compound or channel section. having its upper web and vertical portion cut away to form a slot to receive the bulk-head and its boundary bar, and. its continuous lower web broadened out centrally to provide compensating strength as previously described. lVhere two flanged doublers are employed they may be placed back to back, one against each side of the vertical web of. the longitudinals, or alternativel a v single doubler may be used on one side 0 the said Web and a pair of back bars, one on each side of the bulk-head, on the other side of the said web. Moreover, it will be apparent that where two bulk-heads or partitions are closely spaced together the longitudinal or main frame members may terminate outside the spaced bulkheads and be connected by doublers of suficient length to bridge the resultant gap either with or Without further bulk-head connecting lugs and/or intermediate:-

liugs, spacers, or framing.

lVith the construction according to the present inventionowing tothe provision of a continuous metal section, rigidly secured to the ends of aligned longitudinal frames and extending for. a substantial. distance on either side of the bulk-head, continuity of frame strength is preserved or increased and stresses ot' various kinds are adapted to. be transmitted through the joint with gradual-tress and without abrupt change: in distribution throughout the strifiiening members. Further the: re.- sistance of. rivets to shear is utilized almost exclusively to meet. the main stresses, the rivets holding. the shell. plates, which remain chiefly in tension as heretofore in. known con-- structions, being, according to the invention, secured to elementspossessing continuity and flexibility instead of to elements of a discontinuous and rigidcharacteri 3 In making thejoint oil tight, the edges of the shell. platingv flange of the doubler may be caulkedall round, and the boundary bars for the bulk-heads: may also be can-l ked; in addition there may be an electric butt weld as'at 7 or the flange 3a may be continued a little further from the bulk-head along the vertical web of the longitudinal 1.. The shell plating flanges ct adjacent flanged doublers may either look. towards each other, or alternatively, they may all bedirected one way.

Where the spacing of the longitudinal framing. permits it may also-be advantageousto. providedoublers of slotted channel bar section and to arrange tor each doubler to serve twoaligned contiguouslongitudinals on each side of the bulk-head.

Slotted channel bar sections with one flange removed-also angle'bszr. sections make suitable doubters; for large vessels and slotted angle bars and. T bars for coasters and small craft, The large range in the scantlings of standard sectionswould appear to provide an adequate selection for all sizes of doublers,

but ifinecessary could be prepared from ordinary mild steel plating by cutting and flanginq. etc. If desired, the flange or flanges of doublers may be shaped off at suitable angles. Bulk-head boundary bars may either be joggled' over the flanged doublers or slip and [or parallel liners maybe fitted. To avoid unnecessary Iinering' or joggling of the bulkheadboundary bars, the thickness of doublets on raised strakes of shell plating should be longitudinal framing on ships bot manua made equal to the adjoining sunken shell plate.

The invention is particularly adaptable to ordinary longitudinal framing in tankers etc., especially to the bottom longitudinals in cargo oil, fuel oil, water ballast and double bottom tanks. It is equally applicable to many other purposes, however, a few of which are as follows (1) To produce continuity of strength of longitudinal framing under decks and on ships bottom in vessels framed on the "combination system. i I

(2) To produce continuity of strength of tom, sides, bulkheads and under decks and double-bottom tank top plating in general cargo and passenger vessels.

(3) To produce continuity of strength of ship side framing Where stopped in the way ofWater-tight decks or flats.

l) To produce continuity of strength of aligned transverse floors or frames on either side of unpierced centre-line and wing bulkhead-s.

(5) To produce continuityof strength of aligned strong beams under decks on either side of unpierced centre-line and Wing bulkheads.

(6) To produce continuity of strengthof aligned ship side stringers also centre-line and Wing bulk-head shelf plates on either side of unpierced transverse bulk-heads.

(7) To connect bulk-head stiifeners as Well as the bulk-head plating to ships skin longitudinal frames.

(8) The new systemprovides an exceptionally strong and economical form of construction in Way of cofferdams, pump rooms and narrow oil fuel cross-bunkers. In these compartments the usual channel bar bottom longitudinals may be replaced by ordinary inverted angle bars, the connection to the shell plating being obtained by means of flanged doublers extending continuously between and through the bounding transverse bulk-heads. The ends of the longitudinals may be connected to the transverse bulkheads by T or other section lugs, as already described.-

(9) To all land, marine and other structures Where it is required to pass the strength of one aligned member to another through an intervening unpierced partition or bulkhead.

I claim 1. A construction of the type including frame members carrying a shell and discontinued at a bulkhead or like partition comprising a flanged doubler having a portion continuous across the plane of the bulkhead, with the flanges connected to the frame members on each side of the bulkhead, that portion of the doubler extending across the plane of the bulkhead being attached to the shell.

63. eonstructionlof' the'type' including frame members'carrying a shell and discontinned at a bulkhead or like partition comprising a,= plurality of flanged doubler-s havmg portions continuous across the plane of the. bulkhead, the said portion secured to the shell, said doublers including flanges connected to'the. discontinuous frame members on eeeh side of'the hulkheach 1 3.? A. construction, of the type involving meansforconnecting theiends of frame or for connecting the ends of frame. or

V stiffening members interrupted at'a bulkhead and secured to a shell, includinga flanged doubler, the flanges ofwhich are connected to the. stiflening members oneachsideof the bulkhead, the flanged doubler having a-portion extending across the plane of the bu-lkhead and secured to the shell, and brackets nnected to the discontinuous stiffening members; and'to. the'latteri 5.; A construction means; for connecting'the-ends of frame or of the type involving the bulkhead on each side of stiffening members interrupted at abulkhead and secured-to a shell, including a flanged doubler, theflanges of which are connected to the stiffening members on each side of the bulkhead, the flanged doubler having a portion extending across the plane of the bulkhead and secured to the shell, that portion of the flanged doubler extending across the plane of the bulkhead being of relatively increased Width.

6. A ships construction of the type including flanged stiffening members interrupted at the bulkhead and to one flange of which the shell is secured, comprising doublers having a portion secured to the shell and extending across the plane of the bulkhead and angularly related flanged portions to be secured to the discontinuous stiflening members, a flange of said discontinuous stiffening members being cut away to permit the flange of the doubler to be directly connected to said members Without interrupting the contact of the shell and the shell-engaging portion of the doubler.

7. A ships construction of the type involving discontinuous stiflening members interrupted at the bulkhead and to which the shell is secured, comprising a flanged doubler secured to each side of the stiffening members and having a portion extending across the plane of the bulkhead at each side of the stiflening members, with such portions secured to the shell.

8. A ships construction ofthe type im 'olv ing discontinuous stiffening members interrupted at the bulkhead and to which the shell 7 is secured, comprising a flanged doublerse-= cured to each side of the stifleningmembers and having a portion extending across the plane of the bulkhead at each side of the stiffening members, With such portions secured to the shell, said flanged doublers being employed to bridge the spacebetween closely;

spaced bulkheads. V

9. A ships construction of'the type including flanged stiffening members interrupted atthe bulkhead and to one flange of which the shell is secured,comprising doublers having a portion secured to the shell and extending across the plane of the bulkhead and angularly related flanged portions to be secured to the discontinuous stiflening members, a flange of said discontinuous stifleni'ng members being cut away to permit the flange of the doubler to be directly connected to said members Without interrupting the contact oi. the shell and the shell-engaging portion of the doubler, and a Welded joint between the doubler and stiflening members.

10. An element of ships construction including a flanged doubler having a continuous portion attached to the shell or plating, and upstanding, interrupted, flanged portions to be connected to the terminals of the discontinuous frame member on each side of a bulkhead or partition.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HAROLD C. T. BRYANT. 

